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A. Circle the suitable modals to complete these sentences.

1. Vinay has been dancing for two hours. He must / need be tired by now.
2. Could / Should you help me carry these baskets to the kitchen?
3. My grandfather is ninety, but he can / shall still go for long walks every morning.
4. May / Must I borrow your pen for a moment?
5. You look unwell. You should / would take some rest.
6. Will / Could you please help me find my keys?

Here are some other modals which we use:

Modal Function Example

ought to / ought to indicate what is necessary You ought to get some tests done.
not to or desirable You ought not to stress about small

to indicate assumption, things.
expectation, and probability They ought to have reached by 10 p.m.

need / need not to show that something is We need to be more careful in the future.
necessary. You needn’t worry about the exams.

to indicate that there is no
obligation.

have to / not to show that something is I have to complete the assignment by
have to necessary. Friday.

to show that something is not You don’t have to take your bag; I’ve got
necessary or an obligation mine with me.
to give advice or make a You have to practice volleyball regularly.
recommendation

B. Choose the correct modals from the box to complete these sentences (not have to, need,
ought to, need not, have to, ought not to).
1. This report proves he is a fraud. Need I say more?
2. Their refrigerator is old and rusty. They ought to sell it and buy a new one.
3. You ought not worry so much about your exams.
4. I am so glad that we do not have to go outdoors for practice.

5. I am afraid you have to complete checking the document and submit it before you leave.
6. We have a lot of milk in the fridge. You need not buy any.

Let's Speak! Speaking Skills

In group of four, take turn to participate in a panel discussion. One person acts as the anchor. The
topic of the discussion is “What can students do to help preserve the environment?”

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