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B. Look at these words. Write two synonyms for each.

1. small

2. joy
3. woodland

4. protect

5. shocked
6. several

Language Ladder GRAMMAR Language Skills

Apostrophe and Quotation Marks

Read the following sentences.

Anita’s teacher explained to her what mangroves are.

The teacher said, ‘‘What you have seen, Anita, are mangroves’’.
The mark (’) in the first sentence is an apostrophe. It shows possession or in this case, the

relationship between Anita and her teacher.
In the second sentence we have similar marks (’) and (’). These are used to separate the
exact words spoken by the teacher from the rest of the sentence. These marks are called

quotation marks.

How do we use apostrophe
We use the apostrophe to show possession.

For example : my sister’s book, Shobhit’s cycle
With plural nouns that end with –s, we use the apostrophe after the –s.

For example : the emperors’ palaces, the boys’ balls
We use –’s with irregular plural nouns.

For example : the children’s playground,
the women’s section

We use apostrophe for contractions also.
For example : don’t – do not

couldn’t – could not.

I’ve – I have
We do not use the apostrophe with possessive pronouns.
For example : This house is theirs.

Shrishti bought a new umbrella. The umbrella is hers.

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