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and multiplication of numbers. Later, it was improved to perform division and even to
calculate square roots.

Pascaline

In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, invented

the first mechanical calculator known as Pascal's Calculator
or Pascaline. This device worked with gears, wheels, and
dials. Numbers were displayed by rotating the wheels, and
it was capable of performing basic operations like addition
and subtraction. The principle of gears used in Pascaline was later employed in many

other mechanical calculators. A taxi meter is a good example of a mechanical calculator
based on the same principle.

Leibniz's Calculator

Leibniz, a famous German mathematician, invented
a mechanical device called the Leibniz Calculator in
1671. It was an improved version of Pascal's machine.
The Leibniz Calculator was capable of performing not

only addition and subtraction but also multiplication,
division, and even finding square roots.

Analytical Machine

Charles Babbage, a British mathematician, is regarded
as the father of computers. He invented a working
model of the mechanical computer called the Difference
Engine in 1822 and later designed the Analytical Engine

in 1833.
The Analytical Engine had four main units: the Mill,

Store, Reader, and Printer. These units functioned like
a modern computer, and all the computers used today
are based on these concepts.

Tabulating Machine

Herman Hollerith, an American statistician, Jacquard’s Loom was the first machine
invented a machine called the Tabulating that used the interchangeable punch
Machine. This machine was capable of cards to obtain the design pattern on the

reading data, processing it, and providing the clothes automatically.

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